Noras Symbolism in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay -- Dolls Hous

Nora's Symbolism in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚   In every society power is the bringer of fortune and influence. In his play A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen portrays, through the character of Nora, the power women are gaining in patriarchal societies. Nora, who symbolizes all women, exercises her power throughout the entire play. She cleverly manipulates the men around her while, to them, she seems to be staying in her subordinate role. In all three acts of the play Nora controls many situations and yields the most power.   Act I, along with the introduction of Ibsen's tone and style, brought the introduction of power. It seems that since the Helmer household is symbolizing patriarchal European society that male characters should bare the most power. However, this is not true. Nora, a woman, yields a great deal of the power over the men in the play. In act I it becomes obvious that Nora has forged documents for a loan in order to save her husband, Torvald's, life. This deed in itself shows that she has power to   be manipulative and deceitful. But also in act I Nora uses one of her most powerful weapons, influence over Torvald, to threaten Krogstad. Krogstad is a malicious character who puts the Helmers' reputation in jeopardy by threatening to reveal Nora's illegal actions. Nora, on the other hand, will not stand for this type of slander and says to Krogstad, "Nora:   Sometimes one has a tiny bit of influence, I should hope. Because one is a woman, it does not necessarily follow that--. When anyone is in a subordinate position, Mr. Krogstad, they should really be careful to avoid someone who-- who-- Krogstad:   Has power? Nora:   Exactly." (21) Nora uses an understatement by making i... ...r over many years (or acts), until they have enough power to "shut the door" on the patriarch. The entire course of the play takes place in the Helmer household, which represents the patriarch, until the last scene where Nora leaves the house to show the beginning of women-powered societies. Nora's power-yielding role in Ibsen's play further proves that women were and still are gaining power in male run societies.    Works Cited: Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. 1564-1612. Shaw, Bernard. "A Doll's House Again."   Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.   Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1979. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.

Marketing strategy of Teletalk Banladesh Essay

Executive Summary From the dawn of human civilization people use many ways to communicate with each other and those ways of communication were changed or updated time to time because of new innovation and demand. The power of telephony is a new enterprise culture, from banking to agriculture to healthcare. The opportunities that lie in the telecom industry seem endless and lucrative due to the continuous innovation and growing demand for mobile-telephony. Nowadays mobile phones have become an indispensable part of Bangladeshi’s everyday-life and we never want to leave this device at home while we head for our work. Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. was formed to operate the network installed by BTTB and it has been successful in operating a standard network and give proper service to the people of Bangladesh. Teletalk has introduced many attractive packages and all of them have been welcomed by the market. From the very beginning of its launching, Teletalk got huge popularity as it triggered the true co mpetition in the market. People have high expectation from Teletalk. They expect continuous network coverage all over the country, prompt customer service, and more value added services, data services of high band-width etc. from Teletalk. Teletalk must honor its customers by improving its services day-by-day so that people can realize that even in a competitive scenario, the public sector organization can achieve remarkable development if they get opportunity.The target market of Teletalk is clearly defined: Elite group (above 25years of age), Up market professionals and entrepreneurs and, Women and senior citizens. The Company aims to increase the current market share of 10% to 25% by December 2015 by continuously expanding and widening its coverage to the remotest areas in Bangladesh and creating Customer Care Touch Points across the Country. 2.0Company Overview Teletalk Bangladesh Limited is a public limited company, registered under the Registrar of the Joint stock companies of Bangladesh. Total shares owned by  the Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Teletalk Bangladesh Limited (the â€Å"Company†) was incorporated on 26 December, 2004 as a public limited company under the Companies Act, 1994 with an authorized capital of Tk. 20,000,000,000 being the only government sponsored mobile telephone company in the country. On the same day the Company obtained Certificate of Commencement of Business. We continue to grow and engage our customers through our clear commitment to offering high quality products and services as well as leading customer retention and loyalty programmers. Teletalk continues to be a part of the revolution that’s connecting millions of Bangladeshi people and around the World. Teletalk Bangladesh limited was established keeping a specific role in mind. Teletalk has forged ahead and strengthened its path over the years and achieved some feats truly to be proud of, as the only Bangladeshi mobile operator and the only operator with 100% native technical and engineering human resource base, Teletalk thrives to become the true people’s phone – â€Å"Amader Phone†. Basic objectives for which the Company was formed are highlighted here under: 1. To provide mobile telephone service to the people from the public sector 2. To ensure fair competition between public and private sectors and thereby to safeguard public interest 3. To meet a portion of unmitigated high demand of mobile telephone 4. To create a new source of revenue for the government. Mission and Vision To innovate and constantly find new ways to enhance our services to our customer’s current needs and desires for the future. Our vision is to know our customers and meet their needs better than anyone else. To provide mobile telephone service to the people from the public sector To ensure fair competition between public and private sectors and thereby to safeguard Public interest To meet a portion of unmitigated high demand of mobile telephone. To create a new source of revenue for the government. 3.0 Current Market Situation Teletalk Bangladesh limited (TBL) have started their first operations in Bangladesh in 2004. The products have been well received and the marketing  is the key to the development of its brand image as well as the growth of the customer base. TBL now offering different packages for the customers. Bangladesh is the first South Asian country to adopt cellular technology back in 1993 by introducing Advanced Mobile Phone System. In fact, the liberalization of Bangladesh‘s telecommunications sector began back in 1989 but it took several years to launch the services. In 1996 the then government awarded three GSM licenses aimed at breaking the monopoly and making the cellular technology affordable to the general masses. There are six mobile phone operators in Bangladesh. These are Grameenphone (GP), Banglalink, Robi, Airtel, Citycell and Teletalk. Citycell is the first mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. Today GP is the market leader and Banglalink is the market challenger, in terms of number of subscribers they have, in Bangladesh mobile telecom industry. In Bangladesh, mobile phone subscribers are increasing very rapidly. In February 2009 total subscriber was 45.21 million which reached 76.43 million at the end of June 2011; at the end of December 2011 the figure reached 85.455 million and finally 92.120 million at the end of May 2012. Teletalk Bangladesh limited is entering its eight years of its operation. Its services have been well received and marketing will be key to the development of brand and product awareness as well as the growth of the customer base. To gain market share in this dynamic environment, Teletalk Bangladesh limited carefully target specific segment with features that deliver benefits valued by each customer. 4.0 Market Description Teletalk 2G posse’s good information about the market knows a great deal about the common attributes of the most valued customer. Before launching its experienced and prompt sell and marketing force observed the market carefully and better understood who is served, what are their specific needs and the way to communicate with the customers need and demand. Though the call rate tariff is reducing due to the heavy competition in the telecom market, the market is widening day by day as the number of mobile users are increasing and there is a lot of scope to develop this sector. Teletalk is the fastest growing telecom sector in Bangladesh. Teletalk is the part of  BTCL. At the time launching Teletalk the market was too competitive. Teletalk is the government own company operating in Bangladesh. Target market Customer can choose different packages based on several different service offer by the teletalk 2G. Specific segments are targeted by the teletalk. They different packages offer by teletalk for corporate people like teletalk executive, teletalk professional etc. From the teletalk product we can easily understand that teletalk targeting corporate people, business man and professional. Market Demographics The profile for the typical Teletalk customer consists of the following geographic, demographic factor: Geographies Teletalk has established their customer care point (CCP) only in the divisional cities and the big citied only. In their CCP’s they provides free services to their customer and also sells the mobile handsets, and mobile accessories. Demographics The teletalk Bangladesh limited targeted all group of people whose age is more than 18. Especially Teletalk 2G users are high income people who work in the different industry like bank, medical and different professional doctor, lawyers etc. 5.0 Product Review Teletalk offers an array of different packages. In addition to offering the fundamental pre-paid and post-paid mobile services, it offers a wide range of value added products and services such as, SMS, GPRS, mobile data services, infotainment services, SMS banking, Caller Ring Back Tone, Ringtones download, Picture Messaging, MMS, Voice Greetings. The pre-paid packages are- Standard Shapla (Pre-paid) Shadheen And the post-paid packages are- Standard (rajanigandha) Shapla (Post-paid) Corporate Packages Teletalk Executive (prepaid) Teletalk Executive (postpaid) Professional (prepaid) 6.0 Competitive Review At presents, there are around 6 companies that are now in the mobile phone business. They are – 1. Grameen phone 2. Banglalink 3. ROBI (Aktel) 4. Airlel (Warid Telecom) 5. City cell 6. Teletalk Those five mobile operators companies are the direct competitors of teletalk 2G. And there are also lots of indirect competitors of teletalk like Rangs telecom, Peoples telecom, etc. Citycell was the first to start telecommunication business in Bangladesh in 1989. GP and Aktel now ROBI started their business from 1997 & 1998. The service charge was great but the facilities was few. Banglalink made the history by inviting varity of services at a very cheaper rate. GrmeenPhone is the leader of the mobile market but banglalink is the second biggest company in Bangladesh. Grameen Phone Grmeen phone are the market leader in Bangladesh mobile phone operator. Grameen phone started its business in the year 1997. Grameenphone now provides voice, data and other value added services on prepaid and contract basis. Grameenphone has been a pioneer in bringing innovative mobile-based solutions to Bangladesh. Notable among these is the Healthline, a 24 hour medical call centre manned by licensed physicians. Other innovations include Studyline, a call centre-based service providing education related  information, Mobicash, for electronic purchase of train and lottery tickets, Billpay, for paying utility bills through mobile phones and over 500 community information centres across Bangladesh. These centres bring affordable Internet access and other information based services to people in rural areas. As at 31 March 2012, Grameenphone had 37.6 million subscriptions, while the estimated mobile penetration (SIM cards) and number of inhabitants in Bangladesh were 56% and 160 milli on, respectively. Grameenphone became stock listed in November 2009, with, as at the date of this Base Prospectus, the largest public offering in Bangladesh. It is listed on both the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchanges. Banglalink GrmeenPhone is the leader of the mobile market but banglalink is the second biggest company in Bangladesh. banglalink made a revelation in the telecommunication sector. Banglalink provides different packages for different segments like Banglalink icon for corporate and high income group people and Banglalink DESH gives the best rate for their users. ROBI Robi Axiata Limited is a joint venture between Axiata Group Berhad, Malaysia and NTT DOCOMO INC, Japan. Robi Axiata, formerly known as Telekom Malaysia International (Bangladesh), commenced operations in Bangladesh in 1997 with the brand name AKTEL. On 28th March 2010, the service name was rebranded as ‘Robi’ and the company came to be known as Robi Axiata Limited.robi charges on-net and off-net .68tk/min robi to robi. Airtel Taking over warid telecomm airtel is running its operation as mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. They are the first choice young generation people. They give lots of bonus and gifts to their customer and they charge very low. City Cell City cell is the first mobile operator company and only one CDMA company in Bangladesh. Though city cell is the first company in the Bangladesh they did not stable the market as a first mover. 7.0 Channels and Logistics Review Teletalk has established their customer care point only in the divisional  cities and the big citied only. In their CCP’s they provides free services to their customer. Teletalk will be distributed through a network of retailers in the market. Among the most important channel partners being contacted are- Own outlet- Teletalk sells there product on their own customer service center. Mobile phone retail store- the mobile phone retail store and recharge centre carry teletalk 2G SIM. Electronics Specialty store- This kind of store also carry teletalk 2G SIM. SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strengths and weaknesses within the teletalk 2G and describes the opportunities and threats facing teletalk. Strengths: The most and the important strength of the Teletalk is a government owned company and can easily use the government resources. Strong brand equity and recognition in Bangladesh Steadily growing customer base Alliances with industry leading corporations in mobile services & technologies The public organization uses the Teletalk as their official purpose, i.e. Desco and Desa loadsheding information. Weaknesses: The network facility all over the country is not satisfactory. The customer satisfaction is not available all over the country. Cannot offer the Value Added services other than other operators. Steady decline in average revenue per user (ARPU) No presence in key emerging markets Taxes imposes by the government Lack of experience Short of sales people Opportunities: Increasing network coverage in the Bangladesh First to introduce as T&T in coming. Mobile internet expansion New product Price competitiveness Large market Target new market segment Bankable project Availability of raw materials Free Move alliance Threats: Intensifying competition consolidation in the market Economic slowdown Bangladeshi regulation on cross-border cell phone usage by customers Political Unrest No promotional Activities Analysis of Strengths Subscriber inclination to Teletalk as a government owned organization: People have a deep inclination towards Teletalk . Because subscribers have more confidence in the government institution. They think that they might get some extra benefit from Teletalk like lower call rate, optical fiber facilities etc. rather than other providers. Teletalk’s all connections are ISD & EISD: It’s a big strength of Teletalk. It’s the only SIM which has such a versatility of connections having ISD, Economy ISD service along with both incoming and outgoing connectivity with any of the land phones. This is not seen to other providers. It gives a tremendous competitive advantage to the Teletalk Bangladesh ltd over its respective competitors. Teletalk is the only indigenous company using GSM service: Teletalk is the only local organization which is providing GSM technology in this country. The other local organization named pacific telecom is providing CDMA technology which is more expensive. So Teletalk can take this advantage over its competitors. It has also provided incoming facility up to 2015: Teletalk have a strong strength over its competitors in case of incoming facility. Teletalks present incoming duration is up to 20015. Which is 20 times more than other competitors? From the very beginning it is providing free TNT incoming: Teletalk is the only provider which is providing T&T incoming free from the very beginning. Whether other operators providers providing such kind of facility just now. Moreover its contribution to our economy can be notable: As a Govt. owned company Teletalk have a strong contribution in our national economy. Its one of the high profit generating Govt. organization  in Bangladesh. Low cost provider: The most remarkable success of Teletalk is the slump in tariff structure. It is the lowest cost provider in Bangladesh telecommunication market. Analysis of Weaknesses Premature entrance in mature market: The biggest weakness was a premature entrance in a mature market. As soon as anyone could catch hold of a Teletalk mobile, he started comparing it with the services of Grameen, Banglalink or Aktel. Lower number of human resource: The number of employee of Teletalk is too much lower regarding its requirement. As a result the service quality and customer satisfaction go down. Failed to identify difference between developed market and developing market: Teletalk failed to identify the difference between developed market and developing market. There strategy making is not match with the current situation. Lower promotional activities: The promotional campaign of Teletalk is not too much strong like other providers of Bangladesh as result consumers are less aware about Teletalk and its package. Weak management system: poor coordination among different functional department of Teletalk as result service efficiency goes down. Poor marketing: The overall marketing activities of Teletalk is not much rich like other competitors. Lower number of value added service: Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. is providing a less number of value added service to its subscriber regarding its competitors. As a result subscribers are becoming dissatisfied on the Teletalk service. The comparison of value added services of different operators are mention below. Whereas Teletalk providing less number of value added service. Objectives and Issues OBJECTIVES Profitability Objectives-To achieve a 20% return on capital employed by August 2013. Market Share Objectives-To increase the current market share of 10% to 25% by December 2015 Promotional Objectives-To become the most admired telecom operator in the country by June 2015. Objectives for Survival-To survive the current double-dip recession. Objectives for  Branding-To make the teletalk brand the most preferred brand in the telecom industry across the Bangladesh by 2018. Issues Though teletalk started its operation 2005 but the company is not well established so our main issue is the ability to establish the teletalk as a one of the market leader and meaningful positioning. The teletalk will have to invest heavily in marketing to create a memorable and distinctive brand image projecting innovation, service and value. Teletalk have to measure awareness and response so they can adjust they are marketing efforts as necessary. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Teletalk as a market follower in the current Bangladesh telecom industry has to deploy various kinds of strategies in order to be able to stand the intense competition. Positioning Positioning is the heart of marketing strategy. It is the act of designing the companies offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the target customer. After the company has decided which market segment to enter with which product, it must decide what positions it want to occupy a clear distinctive and desirable place relative to competing products in the mind of target customers. The company’s entire marketing program should support the chosen positioning strategy. Since if a product is perceived to be exactly like another product on the market, consumers would have no reason to buy it, Teletalk brings special features on the product as well as significant various services that positioned the products in the target segments. Products can be positioned with some positioning strategy. We find that Teletalk has taken has taken multi-various strategy to position its various product in the market. Teletalk position itself as own mobile phone company (Amade r phone). Teletalk is owned by Bangladesh government. It designed its products according to the usage occasion.  Consumers can use teletalk in specific occasions according to their need such as the international roaming gives the consumers an opportunity to use their cellular phone in abroad countries. The products of teletalk are available for certain classes of users. Marketing Mix 4p’s Products The basic product of Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd is its SIM. Connectivity is the Core Benefit of this product. The Expected Product is good connectivity and a large area of coverage which Teletalk struggles to maintain. Teletalk is now concentrating on its Augmented Product which is VAS (Value Added Services).It has launched some new VAS recently such as Internet SMS while previous ones such as Cricket Update or Load Shedding update continue to serve. And teletalk 2G can convert to teletalk 3G. Price The present pricing strategy for Teletalk prepaid connections is shown here- Package: Standard Call Directions Call Categories Peak [ 8am-12am ] Off Peak [ 12am-8am ] Out Going Calls Teletalk to Teletalk Tk. 1.40 Tk. 00.60 Teletalk to Others Tk. 1.90 Tk. 1.00 Teletalk to Overseas Tk. 1.90 + ISD & EISD Tk. 1.00 + ISD & EISD SMS and Voice SMS Tk. 1.00 and tk.2 GPRS Tk. 00.02/KB or Unlimited fee Tk. 800.00/Month FnF Tk. 00.75 [Teletalk] & Tk. 1.25 [Other] Package: Shadheen Call Directions Call Categories Peak [ 8am-12am ] Off Peak [ 12am-8am ] Out Going Calls Teletalk to Teletalk Tk. 0.99 TTk. 00.60 Teletalk to Others Tk. 1.90 Tk. 1.00 Teletalk to Overseas Tk. 1.90 + ISD & EISD Tk. 1.00 + ISD & EISD SMS and voice SMS Tk. 1.00 and Tk. 2 GPRS Tk. 00.02/KB or Unlimited fee Tk. 800.00/Month FnF Tk. 00.25 & Tk. 1.00 [Other] Teletalk will practice customer base pricing strategy, flexible pricing mechanisms and controlled by. In order achieve to strategic goal of cost leader we continue to maintain a pricing formula which is less than market leader by 20%. Promotion Advertising Teletalk will have to pursue an aggressive advertising campaign, as it will provide unsought services. Printing, electronic and some other Media will be used for this purpose. Print Media Electronic Media Others News Paper Magazines Television Radio Internet Outdoor Tri vision Print Media Newspaper- Teletalk should increase its advertisements in The Daily Star, TheDaily Prothom-Alo etc to communicate with the target groups. Magazines- Teletalk should advertise in magazines. Electronic Media Television- Television advertising is certainly the most effective communication strategy. Advertising for Teletalk can be done on ATN Bangla, â€Å"Channel i† etc. in their prime hours on a relatively regular basis. Radio- As the FM radios are emerging rapidly as a strong media, there will be some radio advertisement to cover the necessity based target group. This will also help to build the way when Teletalk will be gradually penetrating other areas of Bangladesh. Internet- Teletalk plans to develop a strong web page. Developing a web page and its maintenance would not be expensive. The page will contain attractive and at the same time important information about Teletalk. Transit- Recently Teletalk has advertised in BEVCO buses covering the whole bus with Teletalk themes and ads. It will publish some attractive ads and use it in some private and mass transits like Volvo and Premium bus service. This type of advertising will increase the visibility of Teletalk.. Billboard- Some billboards will be placed on busy and important roads in Dhanmondi, Gulshan, Banani, Uttara, and New Market areas. Place Teletalk sales its products through its customer care centers and the dealers. It has only 4 customer care centers which should be increased to give better service to its existing and potential subscribers. Its distribution should be made better by making SIMs available in small retail shops in every area. Teletalk participates in the trade fairs and that is also a good place to gain the attraction of the subscribers. Distribution Strategy Teletalk doesn’t sell its packages directly to its customer. Rather it maintains an indirect distribution channel for the customer. It appoints dealer for sell. Through the dealers the packages are distributed to the customers. Consumers can get the package through them. Teletalk always wants to sell its products as many as they can. As a result they try to make the packages available as many outlets and retailers as possible.The  distribution network of Teletalk is as follows Marketing Research Teletalk possesses good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of the most prized customer. This information will be leveraged to better understand who is served, what their specific needs are, and how Teletalk can better communicate with them. Using research, we are identifying the specific feature and benefits that our target market segments value. Feedback from market test, surveys, and focus group will help us develop the teletalk 2G. We are also measuring and analyzing customers attitudes towards competing company and product and services. Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our messages and media. Finally we will use customer satisfaction studies to improve our service and product feature. Marketing Organization Teletalk chief marketing and sales officer Mr. Habibur Rahaman holds overall responsibility of the company’s marketing activities and Unitrand ltd. advertisement firm the external marketing organization for teletalk. Implementation The following milestones identify the key marketing programs. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget Control and Evaluation of Performance Taletalk’s marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: Revenue: monthly and annual Expenses: monthly and annual Customer satisfaction Market Share Subscriber base New product development Conclusion The biggest advantage of is that it’s a government company though teletalk did not established as a market leader. And teletalk can improve its product and service to retain in the market. GP is the leader in the market and banglalink is in the second position. Teletalk has got lot of aspect to improve the situation. To be the market leader teletalk must be very careful in the field of marketing plan and the success of the company is a matter of subject that how they are implementing the plan. References 1. www.google.com 2. www.teletalk.bd.com 3. Annual report 2009-2010 4. BTRC

Analysis Of The Article What Should The U.s. Do About...

The article â€Å"What should the U.S. do about ISIS? Show Sunnis we care† by Charles Lister is about what Charles Lister thinks the United States should do to combat ISIS. It has a prescriptive issue and a conclusion. A prescriptive issue is a question about how the world should be. A conclusion is an answer to the question asked by the issue that the author wants the reader to accept. Some significant ambiguity is also present in Lister’s article. Significant ambiguity is a word or statement that is unclear, and the word’s meaning affects the reader’s ability to accept the conclusion. I will prove that I have found the correct issue and conclusion and some significant ambiguity using text from Lister’s article. The issue in the article â€Å"What should the U.S. do about ISIS? Show Sunnis we care† by Charles Lister is â€Å"How should the United States respond to ISIS.† Proof of this issue can be found in Lister’s writing. In the first paragraph he states that the United States cannot defeat ISIS militarily. The U.S. must help improve the sociopolitical issues in the Middle East. These two statements answer the issue I put forth. The second and third paragraphs discuss how ISIS has not only attracted foreigners to fight in its jihad; it has also befriended the oppressed Sunni Muslims. The Sunnis, consequently, are allowing ISIS to work freely in their territory. Paragraph three asks the question are the Sunnis still loyal to their country, or are they only loyal to their religion

Is Genetics A Factor One Has No Control Over - 2716 Words

Our life begins prior to conception in some ways. What we will become is determined by factors which are in place before we are conceived. Our genetic makeup, our environment and culture all have an effect on whom we become. Genetics is a factor one has no control over. There are essentially two philosophies on our development. Freud regarded our development relatively complete by adolescence. In contrast, Erikson considered development to continue throughout one’s life span (Feldman, 2014, pp. 14 - 15). John Watson said â€Å"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer,†¦show more content†¦In these early twin studies, very consistent effects emerged that suggested one thing: when it comes to personality, genes matter (Kraus, 2013). In some of life’s endeavors one’s personality determines the outcome. Could Watson train them: probably. Would they all be successful at what they were trained in: probably not. There are those with divergent understandings of the development based on external elucidations. Piaget’s theory was that all pass through a defined sequence of universal changes. (Piaget) insisted that cognitive development always follows this sequence, that stages cannot be skipped, and that each stage is marked by new intellectual abilities and a more complex understanding of the world (WebMD, 2014). In Bronfenbrenner approach to the development, he considered the immediate environment, the connection between the various aspects of the immediate environment such as: parents to child, students to teachers, employees to bosses and friends to friends. Those interconnections play a part in the development of an individual (Feldman, 2014, pp. 22 - 23). Another developmentalist, Lev Vygotsky believed complete understanding of child development could not be understood without accounting for the culture in which people develop. â€Å"The socialcultural theory emphasizes how cogni tive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture (Feldman, 2014, p. 25). Vygotsky placed

Fast Food Chains Should Be Targeted For Targeting Youth

Fast food chains are battling many different things on a regular basis such as sanitization, low quality food, a lack of cleanliness and not properly trained employees. Another thing that fast food chains have been at war with for decades now is targeting youth. Is it right for them to do so when they are not old enough to make informed decisions? Many companies target children but fast food seems to be what is paying the price. Even though I do not believe that fast food chains should be targeting youth I also believe that ultimately the parents are the ones who choose what their kids eat, so why is it that the fast food chains’ are being targeted for targeting youth? It is because of how aggressive they are and how they manipulate youth and parents. An example of how fast food chains can be manipulative in how they target children and their parents is by the price and quality of the food. 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Final Reflection Assignment Business Strategies of Global European Firms free essay sample

Developing Bridges across the Globe: Business Strategies of Global European Firms The changing business environment, the changes in communication technology, and political changes all encourage and facilitate the emergence of global business, transnational companies and the emergence of common markets around the globe. With the emergence of a global economy, the export of business culture and business interests has been dramatically growing. Most reputable companies like McDonalds, Starbucks, Miguel Torres Family Winery and Duvel Moortgat SA are no longer run in a ‘national’ way like they have been in the past. In fact, while touring Duvel’s manufacturing plant in Puurs, Belgium, I learned during a conversation I had with Christian Cols, Business Development Manager, that the Belgian brewers growth has far outpaced competitors in Western Europes sluggish beer markets. Sales have doubled in the past five years. It is now Belgiums second biggest brewer in revenue terms, after global leader Anheuser-Busch InBev SA. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Reflection Assignment Business Strategies of Global European Firms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the 1920s, Duvel developed its signature beer, initially named Victory Ale in commemoration of World War I. With an attractive brand and distinctive taste, Duvel can get away with charging higher prices. Today the silky ale accounts for roughly 55% of the companys revenues. In 2010, Duvel increased net profits to â‚ ¬18. 9 million ($27. 5 million) from â‚ ¬14. 9 million. Its share price has climbed to around â‚ ¬74, from â‚ ¬16 in 2003. Revenue, â‚ ¬137. 3 million last year, is expected to grow to â‚ ¬172. 1 million in 2012, according to analysts. While Anheuser reported that their total volumes fell 2. 5% in Western Europe and 0. % in Central and Eastern Europe for 2011, Duvel, expanded sales in Belgium by 24%, in the Netherlands by 17% and in France by 10%. In order to expand into new markets, gain global clients, challenge today’s global financial crisis and become sustainable, ‘globalization’ has become the key factor in business strategies for European companies I have mentioned hereinabove. Merriam-Webster. com defines globalization as the proces s of integration across societies and economies. Globalization is currently in the top 20% of lookups on Merriam-Webster. om. This phenomenon encompasses the flow of products, services, labor, finance, information, and ideas moving across national borders. The frequency and intensity of the flows relate to the upward or downward direction of globalization as a trend. This trend has been vastly spreading amongst the European Union (EU). The EU, comprising 27 countries with a combined population of almost 500 million people, generates about one third of the world’s economic output and is home to key domestic and international organizations and companies. As the world becomes more integrated, the countries and organizations within the EU are impacted and in return impact the ‘global’ business environment. With today’s global financial constraints, globalization for organizations has become the key element for sustainability and competitiveness. Although this may seem like a new trend, as a young boy I remember an increase of globalization ever since the early 1970s, especially in regards to cars, fashion, entertainment and music. After interviewing executives from six different organizations based in Europe including @22Barcelona, Duvel, Torres Winery, HRD Antwerp, and Delhaize, I learned that one of the key factors in their globalization efforts, from the perspective of regional economic integration, they break down a global strategy into a more regional integration strategy with three types of global strategies (global sales, global production, and pure global integration). In general, RD capability determines a global production strategy, whereas firm size and managerial capability determine both a global sales strategy and a pure global integration strategy. From the perspective of business strategy, globalization is the process of internationalization of production and competition. In their view, the key factors driving the globalization of industries are shifts in technology, buyer needs, government policies and country infrastructures. Such shifts create major differences in competitive position among firms from different nations and might make the advantages of a global strategy more significant. Organizations must respond strategically to such changes; global strategies, addressing competitive advantage in global markets, combine advantages at the home base with advantages resulting from presence in many nations, such as the exploitation of economies of scale and brand reputation. Establishing strategic alliances, global supply chains, global value networks and associated forms of collaboration is definitely a part of such strategy. Companies entering such alliances are gaining benefits such as economies of scale, marketing activities, production or assembly, creating access to local markets, and to hedge risks. And lastly, long-term agreements between organizations in the form of joint ventures, licenses, long-term supply agreements is another strategy and great opportunities for companies pursuing globalization.

Making the Best Shot of Your Life Behind the Curtains of Movie

Table of Contents The Vision of a Movie Hitting the Bull’s Eye: Each Shot as It Is Diving Deep into Movie-Making Works Cited In spite of the fact that film industry is rather young compared to the theater or any other spheres of art, it has its own well-established and time-tested theory. With help of numerous tricks movie can look in the most effective and convincing manner. Because of the fact that, shifting camera positions, one can obtain the most efficient perspective, the five-shot technique suggested by Mackendrick has turned out a winning method of filming.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making the Best Shot of Your Life: Behind the Curtains of Movie-Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, getting the most objective picture, the audience starts believing in the movie plot from the very start, which a film-maker aims at. However, it would be quite peculiar to trace the mechanism of the shooting. Learning what makes the shots such efficient technique, one can understand the very essence of the movie-making art. The Vision of a Movie Because of its objectiveness, the five-shot technique reminds of a situation when several points of view clash into a cultural conflict. With help of this peculiar technique, the film-maker can achieve the objectiveness which will absorb the audience attention and take them on a journey into make-believe. No matter what plot stands behind the very film, the correct visualization of the scene will allow the film-maker to attract the people with the peculiar view that opens in front of them. Once a piece designed to entertain people, a movie this becomes a true life situation to consider with all the seriousness. As a matter of fact, this is the five-shot sequence which makes people consider a movie as a part of the reality – subconsciously, yet rather strongly. Thus, it cannot be argued that the famous five-shot system proves asto nishingly efficient. Now the time has come to see the technique of the famous trick. As it turns out, there are very few secrets – and a lot of logics. Hitting the Bull’s Eye: Each Shot as It Is Because of the specifics of cinema art, it is necessary that the audience could have an overview of the whole situation in the movie. Unless the spectators have such opportunity, they will not be interested tin what is going o in the screen. Thus, the five-shot sequence invented by Mackendrick is supposed to draw people’s eyes to the action in the screen. Creating the overall impression of the scene and giving people the background idea, the master shot allows the audience to make it â€Å"full of visual information† (Mackendrick 245) and help people embrace the overall situation in the movie.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Over-the-shoulder shot, â€Å"a rev erse shot that is from an angle that includes a portion of the other person’s shoulder or head† (Hurbis-Cherrier 65) allows to consider the situation with the eyes of the movie character. Just think of what could happen if Mackendrick had not discovered his brilliant detail shot! With help of this approach, the secret meaning of the scene can be exposed to the audience without saying a word. With help of this shot, all the peculiarities of the relations between the characters come into the open, and the spectator can see what lurks behind the characters’ faces. A close-up shot, the shot which snatches a detail from the scene and zooms it into a complete grotesque, is another element suggested by Mackendrick. With help of this method, the idea of the movie can be exposed to the audience in the most exquisite way. Suggesting certain brainwork and containing an element of drama, this way of drawing the audience’s attention to certain details of the movie can be rather crude, but when used only as a hint, it can work wonders. The last, but not the least, is the complementary shot. To summarize the overall idea of the scene once again and to create a definite impression, the overall shot is used, as a rule, in the final part of the scene. Diving Deep into Movie-Making Planning a movie of my own, I would use the theory of the five-shot sequence focusing on the close-up shot. In my interpretation, the close-up scenes capturing the very essence of the scene could be a dramatic pinpoint of the entire movie. For example, shooting a drama, I would include the scene of thorough and useless search of something extremely important for the leading character, and as the vain attempts would cease, I would take a close-up of the needed object. Thus, making the movie as dramatic and tense as possible, I could create the vision of something strikingly real. Judging by the time test which the five-shot theory has passed, it proves extremely efficient for the contemporary cinema. Revealing the most incredible pieces of the plot to the audience and making them build their assumptions, it serves as the way to create a little world of make-believe where the audience could feel comfortable, a small model of real life for everybody. Lifting the curtain over the secrets of the movie plot, such technique will remain one of the greatest discoveries in the world of film-making.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making the Best Shot of Your Life: Behind the Curtains of Movie-Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Hurbis-Cherrier, Mike. Voice Vision: A Creative Approach to Narrative Film and DV  Production. Burlington, MA: Focal Press, 2007. Print. Mackendrick, Alexander, and Paul Cronin. On Film-Making: An Introduction to the  Craft of the Director. New York, NY: MacMillan Press, 2006. Print. This essay on Making the Best Shot of Your Life: Behind the Curtains of Movie-Making was written and submitted by user Isabel Dawson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.