The American Dream Essay Example For Students

The American Dream Essay The American Dream has eventually become an old concept which descends from the time with Henry Ford and Rockefeller and Carnegie who where among the very first to epitomize The American Dream. Way back in the 1870s as the oil industry and the development of motor engines started growing those people saw an opportunity in the industry and managed to benefit of it. Later on they were known as the personification of the American Dream. The fact that they started from scratch and became successful has certainly been the major reason that they have acquired that status and started the concept The American Dream. We will write a custom essay on The American Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are many definitions of the American Dream, and they have certainly changed as the time has passed the recent two centuries. Some might mean that the American Dream is to become extremely rich, famous and powerful, criteria only the fewest can achieve. On the other hand many would say that the American Dream simply is to establish a family with wife, children who can go to school and a decent residence. However some might put in further criteria which would be that you have to start out by very poor circumstances. So as you probably had already figured, the definition does change indeed depending on whom you ask and where you ask. Nevertheless the inventor of the particular meaning of the phrase The American Dream was the American author Horatio Alger Jr. 1832-1899 who wrote rag-to-riches stories in several dime novels in which he described in fictive progresses how boys managed to achieve the American Dream by determination and courage. By then his novels encouraged many people to start working hard in order to chase that dream. The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 was the very first step to a huge Liberal society in America and all the spirit and foundation of The United States lies within that declaration. The Declaration was the step to liberalism, individualism, justice and liberty in America and finally the American Dream as well as you can draw many similarities between those two ideas. Both state that every man is to be born equal and every man should have the opportunity to achieve whatever he desires, and that our destinies lie within our own hands. As there are many definitions of the American Dream it is hard to state what really epitomizes it. Personally I would say you have achieved it when you have done something unique for instance in order to help other people. Unlike those Americans who think that the persons with the biggest fortunes like Oprah Winfrey or Bill Gates epitomize it, I would rather say that persons like Martha Stewart, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King have fulfilled as they have done some exceptional for people in need which has become historic. Further wise I would add that personal happiness is the most important. There might be a thin line between wealth and happiness but not in all cases. Time after time it has been proven as success and large bank accounts have lead to drug abuses, loneliness, isolation and even death in some cases. According to me that is a clear indication that money doesnt necessarily equal to happiness. So other factors are required to fulfill the dream. The most obvious would be a social and secure life with relatives and friends as well. Is The American Dream good? Many people would say that the American dream is good or in fact necessary for America. It gives the citizens a great opportunity to pursuit something in life and attempt to achieve something. Even the poorest children can be able to work their way out in various ghettos in this liberal country. .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .postImageUrl , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:hover , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:visited , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:active { border:0!important; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:active , .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59 .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf6592ebda479d6b7916be17433534a59:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Almond Tree By Stallworthy EssayIn the middle of the dark tunnel the poor can see brightness at the end of the tunnel. The hope of achieve something despite the poor conditions gives the poor peoples lives a purpose, a reason not to give up. Nevertheless many people disagree upon the American Dream, and its values. Certain individuals such as writer Arthur Miller mean that there are too many paradoxes in the American Dream and that it basically gives a false hope of glory. Further wise they believe that the American Dream has equalled to a material greed among the Americans. In order to earn much money for cars etc. eople work most of the day and therefore the focus is rem oved from the family to the work and the pay check. Another paradox is the fact that college definitely isnt cheap. And the bachelor degree which you are given at the college graduation is necessary for many job fields. So if you come from a poor family it means that you cannot afford to attend college and that interferes with the declaration of independence which says that all people are given the same opportunities when they are born. So you cannot attend a college without paying large sums of money or carrying a scholarship. A further example is discrimination. If you dont have the right look, height or skin colour it could be difficult to hold a CEO or another leader position. The Result of The American Dream However the American Dream has not just encouraged Americans to fulfil it. Also millions of Europeans and South Americans have been tempted by the dream in The Land of the Opportunities. Therefore America has become the largest multi ethnical country which consists of all religions and races. Already after the Potato Famine tens of thousands went to America in particular from Ireland. So America has always been an alternative or an escape, an opportunity to start a new life for South Americans as well as Europeans for instance after a life with poverty and war. And a bit chocking fact according to myself is that the American borders are wide open and they dont even attempt to keep the immigrants out of their which many other countries do. So does this just explain a great hospitality or just carelessness as they actually do hesitate to offer financial contributions? So despite a lacking welfare system compared to Europe many people do choose to try their luck in America. And some people do manage to integrate themselves in USA, and some even manage to fulfil the American Dream, Danes as well, but the fact remains that most of the immigrants, particularly immigrants from Mexico end up in the gutter and in worst cases in jail as a due to crimes which must be committed because of a lacking or non-existing income. Many Americans would claim that they have a healthy and strong welfare state. But it is yet no secret that it consists of 2 million homeless people and has the highest imprison rate per citizen in the world. And there is no empathy from the wealthy Americans or the state. As a matter of fact the American Dream is a nice tool for the rich upper-class people and politicians to blame the poor and refuse to help them with the reason that they have had their chance to become something and if you have blown your chance then it is just bad luck. Conclusion It is claimed that everybody can achieve the American Dream. But as I have already been through there are many factors that could prevent you from achieving it. However I do sympathize with the idea of the American Dream, but it is dangerous because it is overrated and makes people think irrational. And to a certain extent I do agree with the liberal point of views as I support. I agree with the ideology which stands for personal freedom, the freedom to develop yourself and the freedom to be yourself. Also that we are born equal and it is up to ourselves to realize our own dreams, and that it is a pity that people in Europe can receive a welfare check from the state when they dont wish to work. .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .postImageUrl , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:hover , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:visited , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:active { border:0!important; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:active , .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4 .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u035009664ef226e3c1d7372cada764d4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World Literature Persuasive EssayI dont think we should support them with money to get food on the table. I think we should help them to get back on the track so that they can earn their own money, unlike in America where there wont be taking care of anybody. It is claimed that everybody can achieve the American Dream by having good ambitions and determination but I would rather say that luck is the most important factor. The American Dream is like the wheel of fortune. Would you care for a spin? The American Dream Essay Example For Students The American Dream Essay American DreamWilly Loman is a man on a mission. His purpose in life is to achieve a false sense of the American Dream, but is this what Willy Loman really wants? In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller analyzes the American Dream by portraying to us a few days in the life of a washed up salesman named Willy Loman. The American Dream is a definite goal of many people, meaning something different to everyone. Willys version is different from most people though; his is based more on being well-liked and achieving monetary successes rather than achieving something that will make him happy. Willy never becomes part of the American Dream because he never follows his true dreams and aspirations. He chooses a career that will make him money, but not much, rather than a career that he will enjoy. We will write a custom essay on The American Dream specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is the big mistake that Willy makes in his life and in the end he never overcomes it. Willy never becomes part of the American Dream because he tries to become successful and wealthy rather than spending his life doing something that would bring him and his family joy. The American Dream is a term used to summarize the basic ideals held by the American public. Death of a Salesman focuses on this dream and analyses the dreams significance in the American social order. The basic principal behind the American Dream is the belief that if people have an aspiration and they work for it they will achieve their dreams. Furthermore, what lies at the heart of the American Dream is the desire to achieve wealth and power based on ones looks and appearance rather than the value and quality of their work. The American Dream is supposedly what everyone wants to end up with; a family, a house, a car and a well paying job. The problem is that not everyone wants these things. People all over the world desire to immigrate to America because they have heard of this American Dream and they want to be a part of a country that makes it seem so easy to make a fortune. The problem with this dream is the theory at the basis of it; the fact that success is not assured, but if people work for their dreams they will eventually achieve them. People can work their entire lives thinking that they are contributing to humanity when in fact they are not. They believe that as long as they put something into civilization, at the end of their lives they will receive something in return. Many times this is simply not the way things work out. If people work their entire lives to achieve something that they can enjoy at the end of their life, they will miss the entire journey in between. The American Dream is the basis of American culture although some ideals at the heart of it seem incorrect. Willy Lomans dream is an adaptation of the American Dream. Willy believes that the only things that are important in life are the successes that he achieved and the amount of friends that he made. This is easily illustrated when Willy says Its who you know and the smile on your face! and thats the wonder, the wonder of this country, that a man can end with diamonds here on the basis of being liked! (Movie). Success is an important part of the American dream, but Willy puts too much importance on the need to achieve success. He neglects the needs of his family and chooses to remain in the mindset that as long as he is well liked he will achieve success. Although he has lost his ability to sell, Willy continues to believe that as long as he works hard good things will happen to him and his family. .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .postImageUrl , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:hover , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:visited , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:active { border:0!important; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:active , .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1 .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf8da4bda8e1f81d97b74b4e765de5f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photography (991 words) Essay Willys wife Linda realizes this and conveys these thoughts to her sons when she says He drives seven hundred miles, and when he gets there no one knows him anymore what goes through a mans mind, driving seven hundred miles home without earning a cent? (Movie). Willy has delusional ideas about the American Dream. Even in the end Willy still believes that the only thing Biff needs to be successful is some money to start a business. We learn this when Willy says Can you imagine that magnificence Biff with twenty thousand dollars in his pocket? (Movie). Willy thinks that as long as Biff has some money to start out with he will find it easy to become successful. Biff knows that his fathers ideas are wrong and all Biff wants is to enjoy his life and for his father to be happy. Willys dream is focused entirely on being successful and popular which in itself is wrong. Willy Loman did not become part of the American Dream because he does not follow his own dreams. Willy is not a salesman at heart, he is happiest when he is working with his hands and Willy never realizes this. After Willy dies, Biff realizes that his father should have worked out in the open, where he could truly be free. We learn this when Biff says, He had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong, and furthermore when Biff says, He never knew who he was. (Movie). Willy thinks that since he can still conceivably work when he becomes eighty years old that a salesman job is the best vocation he could ever want. Throughout the play, we learn that Willy has obviously made a wrong decision about his career and the fact that he never realizes this is the tragedy in the story. Willy does not think about what he himself wants to do, he thinks more about what others have done and then wants to achieve the same heights they have. Willy is never content with just being himself; he always has to be something better. This is evident when Linda tells Willy be happy right here, right now. Why must everybody conquer the world? Youre well liked, and the boys love you (Movie). Willy never listens to his heart and because of this, he follows the wrong dream. Willy was never really a part of the American Dream. In the end, we see Willys foolishness for killing himself. Willy has too much pride to take a job from Charley and would rather end his own life than work under his friend for money. Willy thinks he is helping everyone by giving them his life insurance money but everyone would rather have him still alive than the money. Striving for his dream of becoming well liked and successful leaves Willy with nothing that will make him happy. In the end, Willys dream ends up being for Biff to achieve everything that he himself could not achieve. Willys plan backfires though when Biff chooses the opposite of what Willy wants and leaves the city to try to find out what will make him happy. In the end, Willys obsession with the American Dream is his undoing. Willy never really becomes part of the American Dream because he never understands what he needs to make himself happy. Words/ Pages : 1,197 / 24

Corporate responsibility SAS essay

Corporate responsibility SAS essay Corporate responsibility SAS essay Corporate responsibility SAS essayCorporate strategy is shaped, first of all, by corporate mission, vision, values and goals. The presence of clearly defined values and goals reinforces the strategy and shapes the corporate environment. Furthermore, job values and goals have a strong impact on job motivation, satisfaction and in general on job attitude of employees; the above-mentioned factors, in their turn, have a strong impact on turnover, performance and business efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to identify key goals and values of SAS, to research the attitude of employees to working in SAS and to analyze the effect of goals and values of SAS on job satisfaction and motivation using the Job Characteristics model.Company backgroundSAS Institute Inc. is a software company founded in 1976 (SAS, 2014a). The company is headquartered in Cary, North Carolina. Initially, the acronym SAS stood for statistical analysis system the software which initiated the creation of the corpor ation (SAS, 2014a). Currently SAS software is one of the leading packages used by large companies to collect, store, report and analyze business data and to make business decisions. It is notable that 91% of top 100 companies listed in Fortune 500 use SAS to analyze business information and to enhance their decision-making (SAS, 2014a). Overall, SAS software is used in more than 70,000 sites in 136 countries (SAS, 2014a).SAS values and goalsSAS defines its mission in the following way: SAS delivers proven solutions that drive innovation and improve performance (SAS, 2014a). The key values listed by SAS on its website are: approachable, customer-driven, swift and agile, innovative and trustworthy. SAS currently has 13,677 employees which are located worldwide: in the United States, in Canada, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa and Middle East. The values of SAS are also demonstrated by the corporate responsibility section of its website: the company emphasizes the importance of ethical management and governance, invests into education philanthropy and environmental programs. Furthermore, SAS has a world-renowned culture based on trust, flexibility and values (SAS, 2014b). In terms of employee culture, SAS provides numerous workplace options and features for employees, provides workplace awards, displays artworks in the offices, invests into employees and their education (SAS, 2014b).Working at SASSAS was rated by Fortune as the second best company to work for after Google. The company has been on the list of best employees for 17 years, and in 2013 SAS also was also rated as second best employer. Voluntary turnover at SAS is only 2%, while job growth is 3.6% per year. The company offers onsite childcare, provides access to onsite fitness centers and sponsors gym memberships of employees (Fortune, 2014). Although SAS does not pay for 100% of healthcare costs, the company has a decent range of healthcare options offered in its onsite health center. There are numerous options for having a good work-life balance such as job sharing and compressed work weeks (Fortune, 2014). Employees receive training and are highly motivated. 95% of SAS employees look forward to the new working day and 97% of them are proud to be working at SAS (Great Rated, 2014).Job Characteristics ModelHigh motivation and positive attitude to work among SAS employees can be explained using Job Characteristics Model. Job Characteristics Model consists of five key elements of job design which have a direct impact on motivation and performance: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007). The first three factors contribute to elevated work meaningfulness, autonomy provides for increased work responsibility, the presence of feedback creates the knowledge about job results and performance. Hence, Job Characteristics Model relies on Herzbergs model of motivation and outlines the factors which determine the presence o f high motivation, satisfaction, performance and low turnover (Hellriegel Slocum, 2007).In the case of SAS, job variety, task identity and task significance are high because of two core values innovative and swift and agile. IT industry as such consists of complex and varied tasks, and SAS is not an exception. Cutting-edge research and development require various skills, and Agile approach used in IT industry allows to achieve high task identity. Task significance in SAS is essentially high because of the companys market leadership and wide use of SAS in top worlds corporations. The employees are aware that their product will be delivered to a variety of people and will have a direct impact on strategic business decisions, so the degree of task significance is high.The levels of task autonomy at SAS might be varied, but employees at SAS receive regular feedback and are awarded for their achievements. SAS characterizes its workplaces as such that offer unprecedented challenges, opp ortunities and support for employees (SAS, 2014b). Therefore, according to the Job Characteristics Model, SAS effectively reinforces at least four out of five factors that have a positive influence on job satisfaction, motivation and performance.ConclusionSAS goals, such as driving innovation and improving performance worldwide, as well as corporate values such as agility, swiftness, innovation, approachability and attention to customer needs have a positive impact on at least four out of five Job Satisfaction Model factors skill variety, task identity, task significance and feedback. This is a model which should be adopted by the majority of businesses due to its flexibility and time-proven efficiency. The analysis of SAS using Job Satisfaction Model shows that employees in this company should be highly motivated and should have low turnover; these conclusions are proven by low turnover rates in SAS (voluntary turnover is about 2%) (Fortune, 2014) and high level of satisfaction (4 out of 5) (Great Rated, 2014). Therefore, SAS model or its elements could be recommended for adoption by other businesses.

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Managment - Essay Example This is where union representation plays its vital role. The right to union representation is called the Weingarten Right. This is the right to request assistance from the representatives from the union during investigatory interviews through a union steward to make sure that the employee is not coerced and forced in any nature or form by the management to make confession of misconduct (www.cueunion.org, Weingarten Rights - the right to union representation). It refers to union representation during the company interrogations through a Union steward. The union steward is tasked to prevent any form of intimidation that the management will do to its employees (www.iatse728.org, Weingarten Rights). In any company, there comes a time that employees will be investigated for any charges of improper acts or behaviour against co-employee or the management. The Weingarten Rights will assure that during this investigation, an employee is free from coercion especially during confession through the presence of union representative or steward to witness the enquiry. The union steward is a very important person in union representation which has bountiful responsibilities to do. A union steward can help the employee investigated explain what really happened when the employee is inarticulate or afraid to answer. He can present justifications and mitigating factors for the employee and can advise the employee to be honest. The steward can also help the employee avoid making fatal admissions. Most importantly, the union steward serves as witness to prevent the management from making inappropriate action such as giving false account of the investigation (www.iatse728.org, Weingarten Rights). Collective Bargaining Collective bargaining is considered to be a legal obligation and... This paper approves that collective bargaining also has a very important impact to managing an effective workforce. Collective bargaining process helps provide element of security and certainty and may establish employee privileges and benefits which would otherwise may not have been provided by an employer dealing individually with employees. Because of this process or negotiation, agreements can be achieved between unions and employers. Through collective bargaining there is a harmonious and productive relationship between employers and employees because there is already agreed rights and responsibilities in the workplace for employment matters such as wages, insurance, working hours and conditions that are legally enforceable. The process of collective bargaining can also help reach an agreement to provide a â€Å"just cause† standard of review that an employer must use when deciding to discipline or discharge any employee in an arbitration process. In addition, collective bargaining is advantageous for both workers and employers. This essay makes a conclusion that labor unions through the process of collective bargaining can negotiate with the employers or management to maintain a healthy, peaceful and effective working relationship. Effective management of workforce can be achieved if there is union representation and collective bargaining which ensure that both the employers and employees are well benefited and given what is â€Å"just† for both of them.

What makes Rembrandt's art so loved by viewers over time Essay

What makes Rembrandt's art so loved by viewers over time - Essay Example long run, this interest made him profoundly influence innumerable artists who came; both in European and American these include Francisco Goya, Jim Dine, David Hockney and Vincent Van Gogh. Rembrandt was many times considered genius in his work, and this was as a result of the uniqueness of his work which included a range of themes that related to the life at that time the contemporary society. The many works of Rembrandt are such as The Night Watch, Self-Portrait with Two Circles, The Storm on the Sea of Galilee, Danae, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, Bathsheba at Her Bath among others. In considering Night watch that was a 1642 painting, is known for various aspects despite being a static military portrait. The Night Watch is a given portrait of the militia company of bold Captain Frans Cocq and Lieutenant Willem Ruytenburgh being at the center). Key elements are such as the effective use of light and shadow and perception of motion (Ackley,

Colonization in Annie John Essay Example for Free

Colonization in Annie John Essay Martha Lee ENG 92W 4/13/10 In Annie John, the lasting effects of Antiguas colonization are reflected through Kincaid paralleling her own experiences with those of the West Indian colonies where she has lived. In, Columbus in Chains, the issues of Antiguan colonialism and postcolonial culture are apparent in the text, beginning with Annies discussion of the history of slavery in Antigua through Ruth. l could see how Ruth felt from looking at her face. Her ancestors had been the masters, while ours had been the salves. She had such a lot to be ashamed of, and by being with us e very day she was always eing reminded (Kincaid 76). Annie believes that Ruth possesses an innate sense of guilt because black people were once enslaved by white and everyone knew. She pities Ruth knowing that she knows less about the West Indies than them. Through the interaction of these two girls, Kincaid provides an individualized perspective upon the dynamics of life in a colonial state. Annie also briefly comments on the irony of colonization, considering that, all of us celebrated Queen Victorias birthday, but we, the descendants of slaves, knew quite well what had really happened (Kincaid 76). The Antiguan children still celebrate even when they are aware that the British once enslaved them. Annie continues on the topic of colonization as she contemplates Columbus who returned to Spain imprisoned in chains. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella had sent [Columbus] back to Spain fettered in chains attached to the bottom of the ship. How I loved this picture†to see the usually triumphant Columbus, brought so low, seated at the bottom of a boat Just watching things go by (Kincaid 78). Annie enjoys seeing Columbus brought so low because he returned to Spain in the way that slaves were sent to the Americas. The phrase, the great man can go nowhere (Kincaid 78) resonates so strongly in her mind that she [writes] it out with her fountain pen (Kincaid 78). This act proves to be a heinous crime, that after the discovery by her teacher, Miss Edwards, her whole face was on fire. Her eyes were bulging out of her head (Kincaid 81). Miss Edwards is a representation of the English social order and has defined herself according to the rules of this order. Annies action against the discoverer of Antiguas honor is against Miss Edwardss system of belief so she refers to Annies action as blasphemous. (Kincaid 82). Because Columbuss importance is essential to the colonial system, Annies act not only criticizes him, but also subverts the whole dominant colonial order. For this reason, Miss Edwards sees to it that Annie must be punished. Kincaids experiences clearly parallel the experiences of Antigua and its colonization by its British protectorate. They are reflective of her own memories and feelings t owards Antiguas colonization, and through Annie Johns Journey, gives insight into how a once controlled culture seeks its independence.

Employee Performance Case Study

Employee Performance Case Study Problems inside the Slough branch and options to improve employee performance There are several key issues that impact the Slough branch. These include poor management, a lack of motivation of employees and ineffective communication between the workforce. The manager is perhaps one of the major problems in this subsidiary because his lack of professional management skills impacts on the employees and their work. As a manager and team leader, one aspect of supporting staff in periods of high demand is to help them manage their time more effectively and thereby help to reduce their stress levels and work pressures. Mr. David Brent, the manager of this branch, fails to do this for his staff. One failure on Brents part is his inability to deal with the impending merger with the Swindon branch. His lack of acknowledgment of the change results in unease amongst the workforce. His attitude in general is poor and he fails to act professionally. It has been suggested that considering training as an investment decision could vastly improve motivation in the workforce[1] but that this should only be done after careful consideration. Looking at the theory of leadership by Burrhus Skinner, an American psychologist, we assume that leadership capabilities are rooted in characteristics possessed by individuals and these skills are not necessarily in every individual[2]. If we consider the theory as true, we can easily conclude that David Brent is not a good leader as he does not have relevant characteristics. Referring to Peter Druckers ideas[3], the leaders job is to prepare people to execute and operate effectively and then give them freedom to do so. David Brent is failing to do this which suggests that specific training would be useful. In this case, introducing training is essential to improve the skills and the attitude of David Brent. With this type of training, the aim should be to change some of David Brents behaviour, par ticularly to his employees. For example, he must change the way he talks to his employees, he does not know how to interact in a professional way with them to the detriment of the managerial relationship. He also does not enforce order; nor does he follow company procedures. If these issues were properly addressed, then there is the possibility that staff motivation may increase knowing that proper leadership is in place. Another issue in this branch is the ineffective communication between all levels and departments of the workforce. This does not allow for improvement in the employees work and it often leads to them being lazy and unproductive and even, on occasions, disrespectful towards their colleagues. The employees, even if they attend some work meetings, are not able to express themselves properly because the manager does not allow them to do so. Instead, he spends much of his time in meetings trying to be friendly and relatable at the expense of communicating issues and tasks with the team. In this case, to improve and increase the communication in this branch, it would be useful to introduce a discussion group once a week[4]. This type of meeting would be with all key employees and the manager to talk about any problems and all situations approaching that week. All staff could be involved in identifying the vital goals and develop procedures and strategies to reach those goals. This session should ideally last about 30 minutes and be on a fixed day each week so that the whole team has a joint focus. Perhaps the biggest factor damaging the employees performance is the impending merger with the Swindon branch; the insecurity of their positions makes them worried. However, due to the poor management, the staff do not feel motivated to work as they are not held accountable for their actions. As they rarely get disciplined for their absence of productivity, they do not feel that they need motivation to work. Also they do not receive any feedback on how they work, meaning they cannot improve their performance or find out if they have done well. All these factors put their jobs at greater risk. One of the ways we could improve motivation in the work force is to consider Lockes theories on motivation and set specific goals for the employees to achieve[5]. Locke set out that it is through working to specific aims set by both manager and employee that a persons work can improve. This could be made possible by introducing one-on-one meetings between the manager and all members of staff. By having regular appraisals employees could track their performance and be motivated to improve as targets appear more achievable. These sessions should be done each week with all employees struggling with meeting their targets. Perhaps if the employees feel more motivated to achieve their targets they could begin to feel more secure in their positions at the company. Overall, I think that we should work very hard to change all the problematic and inappropriate situations because all the lies combined with unprofessional behaviour has deeply damaged the integrity of the Slough branch. Employee Appraisal for Gareth Keenan When deciding what appraisal system to use for Gareth Keenan I looked at many major models to find one which would best show his potential within the company. There are several jobs appraisal systems that could be used, however I have evaluated the strengths of these and concluded that the best system in Keenans case is Wether and Davis Ratings Scale[6]. I first looked at the Checklist method to try to evaluate Gareth Keenans work[7]. This system requires the user to work through a list of the employees capabilities and answer either yes or no. The problem I have found with this system is that it is not very motivational. By answering simply yes or no, the results are stark and it is difficult to motivate Keenan if his appraisal results mainly in no. It could be hard to see if he improved between meetings as this method may not show small improvements he has made. The second appraisal that I looked at is the Forced Choice Method[8]. This method is made in blocks of two or more, and the rater indicates which statement is most or least descriptive compared to the employee. Again, I find this procedure not useful for Gareth Keenan because the many aspects of his job may not be properly framed in this restrictive format. This employee has not got a big personality but he tries, often with bad results, to be a good supervisor and to be appreciated by the manager and the rest of the staff. He needs to see any improvements even if he does not yet do enough to be seen as a good employee and supervisor by them. This will allow him to gain confidence in what he does and set targets for improvement in all aspects of his job, not just ones set out in the Forced Choice Method. Overall I decided to use the Ratings method as it is the most simplistic and it allows for easy personalization relevant to the specific role and shows an easily understandable scale of competency. This table can show the various activities and performances required by the employee inside the workplace and crucially, it provides a scale of performance allowing for easy interpretation of key successes in Keenans work, as well as areas in need of improvement. This kind of appraisal can show every little improvement, or every worsening skill set, that the employee has therefore allowing for a clear sign of progression between ratings. This could be useful for Gareth Keenan because it should motivate him to improve and if the appraisals are held often enough, show his constant growth in areas for development. Also, as comments and suggestions can be attached to this appraisal system it can help him to change his approach to his work and suggest a change to his style of his communication for him to work on. Furthermore, I suggest a personality test[9] for Gareth Keenan, in order to understand which aspects of his personality he could work on more to improve his relationships with his coworkers. Bibliography Dwyer, J. R., Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, USA, 2000 Skinner, B. F., Science And Human Behavior, USA, 1965 Drucker, P., The Practice of Management, Oxford, 2007 Ledlow G., Coppola N., Leadership for Health Professionals, Burlington, 2011 Cole, G., A., Human Resource And Personnel Management, London, 2004 Aswathappa, K., Human Resource And Personnel Management, New Delhi, 2005 Manna, G., Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Palermo, 2006 [1] Career Development and Advancement Patterns of Aboriginal Executives in the Canadian Federal Public Service, Rocky J. Dwyer, 2000. [2] Science And Human Behavior, B.F Skinner, 1965. [3] The Practice of Management, Peter Drucker, Classic Drucker Collection Edition 2007. [4] Leadership for Health Professionals, Gerald Ledlow and Nicholas Coppola, 2011. [5] Personnel and Human Resource Management, Cole G. A., 2004. [6] Human Resource And Personnel Management, K. Aswathappa, Fourth Edition 2005, p. 243. [7] Ibidem, p. 244. [8] Ibidem, p. 244/245. [9] Introduzione alle tecniche per la valutazione della personalità  , Giovanna Manna edito da Franco Angeli, 2006.

Contingency Theory

Contingency Theory Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some  situations, may be not successful in other situations. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership / decision-making style  depends  upon various  internal and external constraints  (factors). Contingency Theory factors Some examples of such constraints (factors) include: †¢ The size of the organization. †¢ How the firm adapts itself to its environment. Differences among resources and operations activities. †¢ Assumptions of managers about employees. †¢ Strategies. †¢ Technologies being used. Contingency Theory on the organization 1. There is no universal way or one best way to manage an organization. 2. The design of an organization and its subsystems must ‘fit' with the environm ent. 3. Effective organizations not only have a proper ‘fit' with the environment, but also between its subsystems. Contingency Theory of leadership In the Contingency Theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various factors in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. The effectiveness of a given pattern of leader behavior is contingent upon the demands imposed by the situation. These theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate to the needs created by different organizational situations. Some of these theories are: †¢ Contingency Theory (Fiedler): Fiedler's theory is the earliest and most extensively researched. Fiedler's approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting that group performance is contingent on the leader's psychological orientation and on three contextual variables: group atmosphere, task structure, and leader's power position. This theory explains that group performance is a result of interaction of two factors. These factors are known as leadership style and situational favorableness. In Fiedler's model, leadership effectiveness is the result of interaction between the style of the leader and the characteristics of the environment in which the leader works. †¢ Situational Theory  (Hersey & Blanchard). This theory is an extension of Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid Model, and Reddin's 3-D management style theory. This model expanded the notion of relationship and task dimensions to leadership, and a readiness dimension was added. Leadership Pipeline  (Drotter) Contingency Theory for dicision making Vroom and Yetton's  Decision Participation Contingency Theory  or the  Normative Decision Theory: According to this model, the effectiveness of a decision procedure depends upon a number of aspects of the situation: †¢ The importance of the decision quality and acceptance. †¢ The amoun t of relevant information possessed by the leader and subordinates. †¢ The likelihood that subordinates will accept an autocratic decision, or the likelihood that subordinates will cooperate to make a good decision if they may participate. The amount of disagreement among subordinates with respect to their alternatives. Contingency Theory& situational theory Contingency Theory is similar to situational theory in that there is an assumption of no simple way that is always right. The main difference is that situational theory focuses more on the behaviors which the leader should use. Given situational factors (often about follower behavior). Whereas Contingency Theory takes a broader view, which includes contingent factors about leader capability, but also includes other variables within the situation Contingency Theory Contingency Theory Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some  situations, may be not successful in other situations. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership / decision-making style  depends  upon various  internal and external constraints  (factors). Contingency Theory factors Some examples of such constraints (factors) include: †¢ The size of the organization. †¢ How the firm adapts itself to its environment. Differences among resources and operations activities. †¢ Assumptions of managers about employees. †¢ Strategies. †¢ Technologies being used. Contingency Theory on the organization 1. There is no universal way or one best way to manage an organization. 2. The design of an organization and its subsystems must ‘fit' with the environm ent. 3. Effective organizations not only have a proper ‘fit' with the environment, but also between its subsystems. Contingency Theory of leadership In the Contingency Theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various factors in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. The effectiveness of a given pattern of leader behavior is contingent upon the demands imposed by the situation. These theories stress using different styles of leadership appropriate to the needs created by different organizational situations. Some of these theories are: †¢ Contingency Theory (Fiedler): Fiedler's theory is the earliest and most extensively researched. Fiedler's approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting that group performance is contingent on the leader's psychological orientation and on three contextual variables: group atmosphere, task structure, and leader's power position. This theory explains that group performance is a result of interaction of two factors. These factors are known as leadership style and situational favorableness. In Fiedler's model, leadership effectiveness is the result of interaction between the style of the leader and the characteristics of the environment in which the leader works. †¢ Situational Theory  (Hersey & Blanchard). This theory is an extension of Blake and Mouton's Managerial Grid Model, and Reddin's 3-D management style theory. This model expanded the notion of relationship and task dimensions to leadership, and a readiness dimension was added. Leadership Pipeline  (Drotter) Contingency Theory for dicision making Vroom and Yetton's  Decision Participation Contingency Theory  or the  Normative Decision Theory: According to this model, the effectiveness of a decision procedure depends upon a number of aspects of the situation: †¢ The importance of the decision quality and acceptance. †¢ The amoun t of relevant information possessed by the leader and subordinates. †¢ The likelihood that subordinates will accept an autocratic decision, or the likelihood that subordinates will cooperate to make a good decision if they may participate. The amount of disagreement among subordinates with respect to their alternatives. Contingency Theory& situational theory Contingency Theory is similar to situational theory in that there is an assumption of no simple way that is always right. The main difference is that situational theory focuses more on the behaviors which the leader should use. Given situational factors (often about follower behavior). Whereas Contingency Theory takes a broader view, which includes contingent factors about leader capability, but also includes other variables within the situation

Revolutionary Mothers Essay

Carol Berkin masterfully presents a glimpse of the lives of the women who were affected by the Revolutionary War through many different eyes, views, and opinions in Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Independence. She paints a vivid picture in your mind of how the war affected these women by not focusing on one race or political view, but rather through multiple races and political views. Throughout this book, the author describes the women of the Revolution as courageous, yet intelligent, strong, yet resourceful. In Berkin’s writings, her admiration for these women is apparent. She describes how these women felt as if they new that they had very important roles in the war, however they didn’t see them as much more than supporting the men who actually were meant to run the country. As strong willed as many of these women were, they made weak attempts at equal rights during these male dominated times. This book was given validity through supporting texts. Berkin used other authors such as Elizabeth Ellet to drive her points home. She is able to give even more personal insight from letter correspondences as well as diaries from women who were caught up in the midst of these times. Finally, Berkin uses documents such as the Philipsburg Proclamation, the Edenton Resolves, and the Book of Negroes as a foundation to much of the support or neglect thereof for the Americans. I believe that the author did an outstanding job of presenting the information in this book. Many authors would have tried to intertwine these women’s stories in order to make the story more interesting as a whole. Instead she sets aside a chapter to different groups she wants to go into detail discussing. For instance, she doesn’t try to compare and contrast the women who were on the home front to the women who followed the armies. Instead, she helps you realize the importance of both by devoting time to each group. This allows us to learn more about these women and get a grasp of what they really went through. The multiple number of resources Berkin used keep this book interesting. She does a good job of making sure there are notes in the back to go along with each chapter in the case that you want to, or need to, learn more about the chapter or to receive expanded content. Also, these notes give you a great resource for continuing your research on that chapters topic. I consider myself somewhat of a history buff. I had learned much about the wars and causes of the Revolutionary War. I had seen many documentaries about the war. This book however lent it’s hand to a completely different side of the war. You never learn about the women who are left at home, nor the women who follow the armies, nor the women who were acting as spies. My knowledge has been impacted greatly by this book. My eyes have been opened to a whole new side of the war that you never even knew existed. Overall I believe this book was a great, and relevant book for this course. I think it was interesting as a whole because of the extensive resources Berkin used. I will admit that there were some dry parts that I had to work my way through, but the knowledge gained was worth the fighting through.

Two Truths and a Lie 35 Good Lies for Tricking Others

Two Truths and a Lie 35 Good Lies for Tricking Others SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Throwing a party or looking for an icebreaker to use at a work event? Whatever the case, Two Truths and a Lie is a unique game that's useful for getting to know other people- and for seeing how good you are at lying! Read on to learn what the game entails and what makes for a good lie. We also give you tons of Two Truths and a Lie ideas to help you have a wildly fun time! What Is Two Truths and a Lie? Two Truths and a Lie is a fun group-based game you can play at parties or use as ice breakers. No special equipment or preparation is needed, though you might want to use pencil and paper to keep track of scores (if playing for points). To play, everyone sits or stands in a circle. One by one, each person in the circle says three statements about him/herself. Two of these statements must be facts, or "truths," and one must be a lie. The other members then try to guess which statement is the lie. What Makes for a Good Lie? A Good Truth? A good lie is one that's ultimately believable: it'll sound like something you might've done or might want to do (but haven't actually done). A lie that's too farfetched will clearly sound fake, so try to think of lies that are similar to truths to make them as plausible-sounding as possible. For example, don't say, "I can speak 22 languages." This statement is clearly a lie (unless you're a famous polyglot!). Rather, say, "I can speak three languages fluently." This statement is just plausible enough to make people doubt whether you're telling the truth or not. When it comes to telling truths, you'll want to tell the truth in such a way that others think you're lying even though you're not. Therefore, a good truth will sound like something you usually wouldn't do or wouldn't want to do (but have actually done). For example, if you're normally a shy person but have been the first to get out on a dance floor, this would be a good truth to tell since other people won't expect you to have done it. 35 Two Truths and a Lie Ideas Below are tons of Two Truths and a Lie examples you can use for lies (or truths if applicable!). Just remember this: when choosing lies, always opt for those that will be most convincing for you! Likes/Dislikes My favorite animals are peacocks. I hate spicy food. I can't stand it when people pay with exact change. I am a vegetarian. My favorite place in the world is New York City. Skills I can play the piano. I'm really good at cooking Italian food. I can juggle. I never learned how to ride a bicycle. I'm a great whistler. Experiences I went to Europe as a high school student. I've met Tom Cruise. I've never seen any of the Star Wars movies. I've eaten poisonous puffer fish. I've never gotten a speeding ticket. Wishes/Dreams When I was younger, my dream was to be a firefighter. I've always wanted to try paragliding. One of the places I want to visit most is Thailand. I hope to eventually run a marathon. If I could, I would pay to visit the moon right now. Family I am a great-great grandniece/grandnephew of Abraham Lincoln. I am the youngest of five siblings. My mother has worked for the same company for 30 years. I own a pet hamster named Murray. I have 18 first cousins. Random/Weird I am colorblind. I am legally deaf in one ear. I was born with a tail. I still own a huge collection of Beanie Babies. I've never broken a bone. I am deathly afraid of clowns. I brush my teeth four times a day. I never use public restrooms. I'm allergic to strawberries. I am incredibly superstitious. Feel free to tweak these Two Truths and a Lie ideas so that they work better for you. Once you've got some ideas ready, get out and have fun!

Curating the Web

Curating the Web Curating the Web Curating the Web By Maeve Maddox A Doonsbury strip in the Sunday paper introduced me to a new expression: curating a brand. Until then, the only meaning I knew for curator was â€Å"a person who looks after a museum collection.† I don’t know if Rohit Bhargava coined the term, but his article â€Å"Manifesto For The Content Curator: The Next Big Social Media Job Of The Future?† explains what is meant by content curator and what it means to curate the web: A Content Curator is someone who continually finds, groups, organizes and shares the best and most relevant content on a specific issue online. According to Rohit, â€Å"experts predict that content on the web will double every 72 hours.† He says that businesses that want to keep up with consumer comments on their products will require a full-time content curator. A related term is CGM: Consumer-Generated Media. The identity of the person who coined this term is known: Pete Blackshaw, CMO (Chief Marketing Officer) for Nielsen Buzzmetrics. In the old days, CGM consisted of letters and phone calls that were easy to ignore. Now it embraces blogs, photos and videos. Thanks to social networking sites, a positive or negative comment on a restaurant, a movie or a brand of cereal can go viral in minutes. This kind of CGM cannot be ignored. A site called Brandeo gives this definition of a CGM Multiplier: The extent to which an offline event (ad campaign, launch, new CEO) stimulates online discussion. Brandeo itself seems to be a web curator for the marketing industry. Manufacturers and service providers are not the only entities being urged to think about curating the web. The site Publishing 2.0 offers an article directed at journalists. Best Practices for Journalists Curating the Web The same site has an article by Scott Karp that suggests that instead of laying off redundant wire editors and feature editors, print newspapers might retrain them as web curators. On one site I found the term co-curate: How does a museum, with a (presumably) carefully constructed brand, often based largely on its carefully curated collection (whatever that may be), invite its patrons to co-curate that brand? Is that even a desirable goal? Does it depend on the museum, or the type of museum? BethDunn I came across the term curator effect at a site called CuratorEffect: The Curator Effect explains how profound shifts in consumer expectations mandate new business rules in eliciting consumer trust. An example of curating the web can be found on the NY Times technology page: a round-up feature called What Were Reading in the lower right sidebar. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†People versus PersonsWhile vs. Whilst

Empirical analysis of determinants of audit fees in China Essay

Empirical analysis of determinants of audit fees in China - Essay Example However, financial information about some of the listed companies was missing for which the Chinese database RESSET was used as the supplementary source. Apart from this, annual report of some of the companies was also checked. The data that are considered for the study are of 2011. For the analysis of the collected data SPSS, statistical software has been used. The first section is based on the analysis of the whole data set that comprises of data of the listed companies of both Shenzhen and Shanghai. The second section analyses the data of the two cities separately. 4.2 Descriptive Statistics of whole sample The Table 1 given below shows the statistics for the audit fees with respect to the other variables. As the table shows that the minimum audit fees is ?1.00 million, whereas the maximum is ?3.51 million. This reveals that there is a huge difference between the audit fees of the two cities. However, the average audit fees in these two cities are ?3.51 million. This huge differen ce can be due to the factors like characteristics of the area and financial position of the company, which are located at the various places of the two cities. ... The minimum inventory ratio is 0 while the maximum is .94. The average inventory ratio is 0.18. The inventory ratio depicts a huge difference between the maximum and minimum levels. Some of the organizations are seen to have no inventories at all while some other companies are having a high level of inventory with them. This ratio helps in determining the fact whether the organization is making optimum utilization of resources. Therefore, a high inventory ratio is not good for the organization (Barthwal, 2007; Anupindi et al., 2008). Accounts receivables is the claim that is paid in cash and in exchange for the product and services that are provided by the company. The position of accounts receivable in comparison to the total assets of the firm is shown by the accounts receivable ratio. It signifies the complexity of the organization (Jiambalvo, 2009; 2007; Weil, 2012). The table 1 shows that the accounts receivable ratio ranges between the minimum value of 00 and the maximum value of 0.60. The average account receivable ratio is 0.93. The intangibles ratio of the firm is another factor, which is considered to affect the auditor’s fees. When the intangible assets are compared to the total asset, it is seen that the ratio is at a minimum level of 00 and the maximum level of 0.67. The average intangible ratio is 0.05. This reveals that some of the companies do not have any type of intangible assets while some others have. The current ratio is another factor that may affect the audit fees. The current ratio is calculated by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities (Lasher, 2013; Pratt, 2010; Gibson, 2012). The minimum current ratio is 0.11 and the maximum is 204.74. This signifies that there exists a huge

Baseline Organizational Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Baseline Organizational Ethics - Essay Example ng effective communication with the management is what has led the company to its great expansion and standardized consumer products as the ethics for the consumer industries demand. For IBM, even though its workers are subjected to sometimes longer working hours, the ethics in the technology industry permits that as long as the workers are compensated for long hours and they agree with them or they are included in their employment contract which is what IBM has done. As for Total for example, the environmental ethical guidelines are clear on the procedures and the precautionary measures required of the oil companies and these ethical policies have been neglected. The oil spill for example necessitates immediate compensation and public apology as well as participation in cleaning exercises of the environment but that did not immediately happen until the affected parties moved to court and the French judicial authorizes ordered their compensation and cleaning. The same case can be compared to BP which had a similar incident of oil spill in the ocean and they delayed in cleaning exercises until stringent measures were used including threats of closure before action was taken which is against the set ethical standards and policies. B. What are the primary factors that contributed to your ratings of the five companies, groups or organizations? Discuss how the examples you noted compare with similar policies, procedures, or standards that contributed to the ethical lapses in the publicly traded company selected for part a, of this assignment. I have interned and worked even part time in some of these companies and organizations and therefore have first-hand information on their ethical practices. A comparison of this information between these companies I have worked in and the set ethical standards is what has made me rate them as carried out in the table above. For those I have no first-hand experience, the media has been on the forefront on condemning them for not